一个假设的情况, 相当于一个条件从句.

Given closer analysis, we can see this is totally wrong.

偶尔也可用来代替一个“让步”状语从句.

Picked 20 years a year, it grows tired only after 40 or 50 years.

独立结构: 在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一.致. 但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语, 这种结构称为独立结构, 一般表示一种伴随的动作或情况.

He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.

有时可以表示时间:

Late that autumn, his work finished, he prepared to return to his institute.

表示原因:

Her eyes dimmed with tears, she did not see him enter.

条件:

All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.

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